Urinary tract infections happen when bacteria get into the urethra and travel up into the bladder. If the infection stays in the bladder, it is called a bladder infection or ‘cystitis’. If the infection travels up past the bladder and into the kidneys, it is called a kidney infection or ‘pyelonephritis’. Bladder and kidney infections […]
Continue Reading... No Comments.Urinary tract infections are common in community practice worldwide and are usually caused by Escherichia coli, which is responsible for approximately 80 % of all UTIs. Most UTIs in women are acute uncomplicated cystitis or ‘bladder infections’, which may not be considered a serious condition but can significantly affect the patient’s quality of life. UTIs […]
Continue Reading... No Comments.Diabetes mellitus (diabetes) is a chronic, complex, metabolic disorder when raised blood levels of glucose occur because the body either cannot produce enough (or any) insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. A lack of insulin or the inability of the body’s cells to respond to insulin, leads to high levels of glucose […]
Continue Reading... No Comments.Diabetes is a major health threat that has reached alarming levels. It is one of the fastest-growing global health emergencies of the 21st century. Type 2 diabetes accounts for most of the diabetes worldwide. Type 2 diabetes mellitus – commonly referred to as type 2 diabetes – is a serious, long-term disorder in which the […]
Continue Reading... No Comments.Most people are aware of the need for infant immunisations but very few realise thatthere are valuable vaccines available for adults and adolescents as well. Thismodule explains why vaccines are necessary in adults and adolescents and invarious adult population groups. The pharmacist can play a key role in encouragingthe uptake of the various vaccines for […]
Continue Reading... No Comments.It is becoming increasingly important for teenagers and adults to be vaccinated orreceive boosters because there is a weakening of protection from some vaccinesgiven during childhood. Vaccines play a very important role throughout life, starting from before the baby iseven born, right up to the elderly. In some cases, vaccinating one group of peoplehelps to […]
Continue Reading... No Comments.COVID-19 has become a global crisis which has disrupted many aspects of life for most, if not all, of the world’s population. The COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing and its full impact on mental health is not known. Nonetheless, mental health has been significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Lockdowns, quarantines, social restrictions, school and business […]
Continue Reading... No Comments.Mental disorders have always been among the leading causes of the global disease burden, with depression and anxiety disorders being at the top of the list. With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019 many questions around the resulting effects of COVID-19 on mental health have been raised. Strategies to reduce the spread […]
Continue Reading... No Comments.Nutritional supplements have become increasingly popular over recent years. Products designed for children, women, the elderly, athletes and the chronically ill neatly line the shelves in modern pharmacies. Supplements are products containing vitamins, minerals or other ingredients that are used with the intention of enhancing health, preventing illness and correcting deficiencies. Since the emergence of […]
Continue Reading... No Comments.Raised blood pressure (BP) or hypertension remains a leading cause of death globally. It is the most common condition seen in primary care and leads to myocardial infarction (heart attack), stroke, heart failure, renal failure and death if not detected early and treated appropriately. According to the World Health Organization, an estimated 1.28 billion adults […]
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